Recent research conducted under NASA LaRC's Creativity and Innovation Program has led to the development of an initial approach for a hierarchical fracture mechanics. This methodology unites failure mechanisms occurring at different length scales and provides a framework for a physics-based theory of fracture. At the nanoscale, parametric molecular dynamic simulations are used to compute the energy associated with atomic level failure mechanisms. This information is used in a mesoscale percolation model of defect coalescence to obtain statistics of fracture paths and energies through Monte Carlo simulations. The mathematical structure of predicted crack paths is described using concepts of fractal geometry. The non-integer fractal dimension relates geometric and energy measures between meso- and macroscales. For illustration, a fractal-based continuum strain energy release rate is derived for inter- and transgranular fracture in polycrystalline metals. Saether, Erik and Taasan, Shlomo Langley Research Center NASA/TM-2004-213499, L-19061 WU 23-762-55-LC FRACTURE MECHANICS; STRAIN ENERGY RELEASE RATE; FRACTALS; FRACTURING; MONTE CARLO METHOD; ATOMS; MESOSCALE PHENOMENA; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; POLYCRYSTALS; SIMULATION