Intelligence was one of the first human traits to be the target of genetic research even before psychology emerged as a scientific field. It is important to study the underlying cause of scholastic backwardness among school-going children. In view of the magnitude of the problem of the poor scholastic children in society, the present research was carried out in the city of Bhopal situated in Central India, in order to study its chromosomal basis. The primary aim has been to delineate new chromosomal variations, if any, in mental deficiency leading to a poor scholastic performance in children using the cytogenetic tools