4The purpose of this manual is to provide practical guidelines for fire managers to effectively integrate invasive plant management activities into their fire management programs. Traditionally, fire management and invasive plant management have been conceived and implemented as separate programs. This manual is designed to help land managers bridge the gap between these two disciplines, and in particular give fire managers the tools they need to integrate invasive plant management strategies into the fire planning process. Although this handbook is tailored specifically for the fire management community within the National Wildlife Refuge System of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, it is also relevant to other agencies and organizations that manage wildland fire.