This book is divided into five sections. The first section consists of patent applications and granted patents issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), patent applications in the World Intellectual property Organisation (WIPO), and European Patent Office (EPO). All USPTO patents data were extracted from the office of electronic information products / patent technology monitoring division. WIPO and EPO patents data were extracted from the websites of World's Intellectual Organisation and European Patent Office respectively. In this section the relationship between the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and country's patent quantity is analysed. The main trend of U.S. patenting applications and granted patents is presented over 40 years (1965-2005). The changes over time in the rate of patenting and the number of granted patents are exhibited. The second section analysis the patent literature in MEDLINE. In this section a scientometric analysis is performed to assess the quantitative trend of patent literature in MEDLINE throughout 1965-2005. The kind of languages, publication type, journals, and the origin of published documents are presented.